Chapter 3 (007)
Introduction
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| Ethnographic |
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| Oral History |
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| Biographical Interview |
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| Group Interview Other forms of interview: Life course, life history and narrative interviews. Other means or ways of combining these types of interviews with other methods are considered. General Forms of Qualitative Interviews |
In a typical semi-structured interview, a researcher has a list of
questions that they want to cover.
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| Semi-structured Interview |
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It gives the interviewee a space or time to answer on their own terms than structured interviews. Though, the interviewer would still ask structured questions.
Unstructured interview- the interviewer aims for the main idea but allows the interviewee to give their insights. The interviewer could start with one question and a series of conversation will follow.
Flexibility is how far an interviewer would be able to convey the idea's of the interviewee. (Burgess, 1984)
Semi- and unstructured interviews are both qualitative methods. They might be similar, however, they differ in terms of approaching.
Specific forms of qualitative interviews
The Ethnographic Interview
- Historically, the basic qualitative method
- self constructive, including observation and participant observation
- social exploration, protracted investigation, spend time in the field (Atkinson and Hammersley, 1994)
- Model people spends time with their chosen group
- Interview is IMPORTANT - information about individuals, groups and social relation
- informants can help illuminate situations, behaviors and attitudes
- there could be a situation wherein informants can mislead the researcher in interviews
INTERVIEW CAN BE BOTH:
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| Formal interview (recorded) |
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| Informal interview (someone available) |
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- Spread in disciplines
BARBARA SHERMAN HEYL (2001)
DURATION & FREQUENCY OF CONTACT AND QUALITY OF EMERGING RELATIONSHIP
- focus of the research : worldviews meanings and reflexivity
- interpretivist and feminist understanding
AUTOETHNOGRAPHY
- based on postmodern philosophy
- RESEARCHER is the subject
Eliciting the Interviewee’s Own Story
ORAL HISTORY
LIFE HISTORY
LIFE COURSE
BIOGRAPHICAL
NARRATIVE INTERVIEWS
PAUL THOMPSON(2008)
ORAL HISTORY
- People are interviewed about their past experiences
- Could relate to a particular historical event
LIFE HISTORY
- Present experiences and can cover the whole life
- Wide aspects of their life (work, family, home)
LIFE COURSE
- Cohort effects of being members of a particular generation
- Normative expectations that can constrain or enable individuals at particular stages of life
ROBERT MILLER (2009)
- life story as an account of their life given by one individual
- life history where other sources, including newspaper reports and public records, could validate the individual account
C. WRIGHT MILLS(1959)
‘neither the life
of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without
understanding both’
BIOGRAPHICAL INTERVIEW
- Focusing on the individual’s perspective
- External facts
NARRATIVE INTERVIEW
- An idea from the people
- Experiences, understanding, culturally circulating stories
‘They are interpretive devices through
which people represent themselves, both to themselves and to others’
- Lawler, 2002
FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW
- Small group
- Discussion over a topic selected by the researcher
- 6 to 10 participants is often suggested
- researcher runs the discussion
- another researcher could take note of the interactions
- The research topic guides on how a focus group will be built.
- (Could be the same age, people with the same gender or various classes)
- Focus group can help a researcher by means of their given insights.
Various arguments had been done because it was widely used and the value of such contexts.
HANNAH FRITH (2000)
ADVANTAGES
- Participants will feel comfortable as they share the same experiences
- Can create or build elaborated pictures of their views
- Disagreements may lead the participants to defend their insights
- Can build empowerment - Lori Peek and Alice Fothergill (2009)
COUPLE INTERVIEWS
- "Offers access to a very particular type of interaction"
- could happen when another person is present specifically a husband or a wife
MARGUNN BJORNHOLT and GUNHILD FARSTARD (2012)
‘whether couples should ideally be
interviewed together or apart’
- Margunn Bjornholt and Gunhild Farstad
They found out some great advantages if they don't separate the couple in an interview in terms of work, gender and care.
- Solving ethical problems of anonymity and consent
- corroborations, extensions and disagreements to contribute in
- the data
- observation opportunities: interactions and behaviors
‘joint interviews with interviewees who share
some kind of personal relationship should be recognized as a separate
form of the qualitative research interview’
-Margunn Bjornholt and Gunhild Farstad
MIXING QUALITATIVE METHODS WITH OTHER METHODS
Mixing quantitative and qualitative method
This could raise arguments about incompatibility between their approaches.
Series of debates, rejection or support were some of the issues regarding the mixing of these two methods grow as time goes by.
Courtesy of ChrisFlipp
JENNIFER MASON (2006)
- Argues for the importance of a qualitatively informed logic of explanation
- approach involves multi-dimensional research strategies
Mixing the two methods could also be possible.
Courtesy of Anne-Marie Mosbech Mosbech
References:
Content: Edwards, R., &
Holland, J. (2013). What is Qualitative Interviewing? Bloomsbury
Publishing Plc.
GIFs and Images: Google Images
Videos:
Mosbech, A.M. (2013).Combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Retrieved by October 10, 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QbUUClUvaE
ChrisFlipp. (2014). Qualitative vs Quantitative. Retrieved by October 10, 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X-QSU6-hPU
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