DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES AND THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF INTERVIEWS:

Positivism and Interviews

  Positivism- is an objective reality and truth, it is not subjective and it is able to be tested. It is universally applicable, regardless of context. The interviewees should be credible for the interview, therefore the researchers should make sure that all respondents are asked the same questions in the same ways.



Interpretive approaches and Interviews

   Interpretivism- understanding a social phenomena from the perspective of those involved. The researcher and the researched creates knowledge that is used as basis for interaction between both the variables. These type of interview are often formal question and answer procedure which require polite listening and understanding. The respondents should comply to the questions and give efficient answers which can help to the study.



Feminism and Interviews

    Feminism-  often upholds as "qualitative research by women on women and for women" though feminists also research on men and vice versa, it is about giving voice to women and gender inequalities. It has shaped the course of qualitative interviews and removes bias in male-dominated ideas and research.

Emancipatory approaches and Interviews 

   Emancipatory- issues in power and liberation from oppression are often tackled in this type of interview. It cannot be independent as to the researches should take only one side of the study; namely the oppressed or the oppressors. From an emancipator's perspective, the aim of the interview is to enable the voice of the chosen group of interviewees and for them to be understood and achieve social justice. Children and older people, the disabled, the discriminated, the working-class people, indigenous or ethnic groups are examples of respondents in this type of qualitative interview.



Postmodernism and Interviews 

   Postmodernism- It states that there are no straightforward facts and meanings that can form knowledge; rather knowledge and its creation are subject to critique and negotiation, and many versions of the truth exist side by side (O’Donnell 2003). It does not convey the group's perspective to another, as to the researchers will turn it into knowledge. It does not refer to objective reality beyond themselves rather it is the exchange between the interviewees or between the interviewees and the interviewers about particular events or experiences.




 
Critical Realism and Interviews 

   Critical Realism- It considers the reality and structures that are not fully available to people. The researchers can fill these gaps by working on the interviewee's answers in correlation with the theories on social realities.



Psychoanalytic approaches and Interviews

   Psychoanalytic- these type of qualitative interview rejects the idea that people are consciously self-aware and know why they think, say and do, and can report this directly to researchers. They use an unstructured narrative mode to encourage room for unconscious processes to surface. Feeling and emotions are often involved in the interviewee's perspective.